What is International Humanitarian Law (IHL)?
International Humanitarian Law (IHL)
International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is
the framework for conduct in warfare as set forth by the Geneva
Conventions of 1949. International humanitarian law is the branch
of international law
that encompasses both humanitarian principles and international
treaties that seek to save lives and alleviate suffering of both
combatants and noncombatants
during armed conflicts. IHL’s principal legal documents are the Geneva Conventions
of 1949—four
international treaties signed by almost every nation in the world.
Why IHL Matters
Over the past 50 years there has been a dramatic change from
predominantly international armed conflicts to a proliferation of smaller,
but deadly,
internal armed conflicts. Instead of belonging to a state's
uniformed armed forces, a growing number of combatants belong to the
ranks of private
armies or militias. With more than 50 international and internal
conflict areas across the globe, some which have been raging for decades,
humanitarian
relief work is increasingly carried out in unpredictable and
volatile situations. Despite these changes, the work of the Red Cross
continues
unabated because it inherently embodies principles that transcend
any changes in the nature of conflict. Regardless of political, religious
or other differences, all suffering victims of armed conflict
require
protection, assistance and respect for their dignity as human beings.
Humanitarian workers are increasingly called upon to work in environments
where both they and the populations they serve are at risk for becoming
targets of violence. From Somalia to the former Yugoslavia, from Chechnya
to Rwanda and beyond, aid workers face danger alongside their program beneficiaries.
Even in less extreme environments, simmering conflicts can present formidable
challenges and concerns both for effective service delivery and for security.
The provisions of IHL grew out of the experience of warfare throughout history,
and a clear understanding of the practical implications of IHL is crucial
to the success of humanitarian relief programs. The American Red Cross has
over 60 delegates in more than 30 locations worldwide, working under very
demanding and often dangerous environments, fulfilling their commitment
to helping vulnerable people overseas. Should hostilities occur, each and
all are protected by international humanitarian law as set forth in the
Geneva Conventions.
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